LR
The sound lr is the acoustic root of the sound hummm and
of its inner import. The sound hummm is itself the acoustic
root of struggle, of sa'dhana', and according to Tantra, of
the kun 'd'alinii. As hummm is the acoustic root of struggle,
people call it the battle cry. You may have noticed that when
sa 'dhakas progress along the spiritual path and attain bliss
they sometimes release the sound hummm spontaneously
during the practice of sa 'dhana '. It has been mentioned that
the utterance of hummm during sa'dhana' is a sign of
progress in Tantra.
According to Tantra the kulakun'd'alinii is the sleeping
divinity. By virtue of sa 'dhana ' and with the help of man-
tra'gha'ta [striking at the kulakun'd'alinii with powerful
incantative vibrations] and mantra caetanya [conceptual un-
derstanding of and psychic association with a mantra], and
by smashing all obstacles, the kun'd'alimi can be raised to
the sahasra'ra cakra. The practice adopted to raise the
kan'd'alinii is called purashcaran'a in Tantra. The
kun'd'alimi is the sleeping divinity. To arouse it from
slumber and raise it upwards is quite a struggle and hence
hummm must also be the acoustic root of the kan'd'alinii.
The controlling point of the kun'd'alinii, the mu'la'dha'ra,
is called man 'ipadma or maha 'man 'ipadma in Maha'ya'na
Buddhist philosophy. The Tibetan Maha'ya'niis recite Onm '
man'ipadme hummm while turning their dharma cakras
[prayer wheels]. I have seen Onm' man'ipadme hummm
inscribed on the walls of Tibetan caves.
LRR
Lrr is the acoustic root of the sound phot ' (which is the
acoustic root of putting a theory into practice) and is thus the
atibiija, or maha' bUja [super-acoustic root], of the phat'
biija. It is just like the sprouting of a seed, like a sudden
awakening from slumber. When something which is sleeping
or dormant suddenly bursts into the realm of light, we say
colloquially [in Bengali] that it is making a phat' sound. Lrr
is also the acoustic root of the removal of lethargy. Hence.
considering its enormous importance, it should not be de-
leted from the Bengali alphabet.
Each of the fifty letters is called ma 'trka ' varn 'a ("causal
matrix") because each is an acoustic root of some important
factor, sound, vibration, divine or demoniacal propensity,
human quality, or microcosmic expression. Thus no letter
should be deleted from the alphabet. But the final decision
in this regard rests in the hands of the scholars.
The rhythmic expression of mundane knowledge; the
sprouting of mundane knowledge; mundane welfare; and the
thought of mundane welfare; are symbolized by vaos'at'. The
sound e is the atibiija, or maha'bUja, of the vibrations of
vaos'at'. In ancient times kings hungry for more land would
pray to Indra, the king of the gods, to bless their Ra'jasu'ya
Yajina* mAshvamedha Yajina [Horse Sacrifice] to help them
attain a vast empire. On those occasions they would say,Em'
Indra'ya vaos'at'.
AE
The thought of welfare and the materialization of welfare
in the subtler sphere are symbolized by vas'af. Those who
pray to Lord Shiva for all-round human welfare say, Aem'
Shiva'ya vas'at', those who pray to their gum for the attain-
ment of subtle knowledge say, Aem' gurave vas'at'-, and
those who pray to the rain-god for relief from floods say,
Varan'aya vaos'at' (in this case the thought of welfare is
confined to the physical sphere). But those who pray for
victory in war against the forces of wickedness, say,
Vamn'a'ya vas'at. Within the acoustic root vas'at' lies the
thought of welfare in the subtle sphere; it is the atibiija, or
maha'biija, of the sense of blessing in the subtle sphere.
While uttering any incantation it is the common practice to
add m' to the end of the acoustic root. Thus ae is pronounced
is aem'.
Aern' is the acoustic root of vocalization. Linguistic expres-
sion is divided into six stages: para ', pashyanti, madhyama ',
dyotama 'na ', vaekharii, and shrutigocara '.
Whatever you have said, or are saying, or will say in future,
lies within you as dormant vitality. A great potentiality lies
dormant in each human being, just as a huge banyan tree lies
latent within a tiny seed. The banyan seed sprouts when light,
air, water and fertile soil exist in requisite amounts. It sub-
sequently grows foliage and branches, and in the course of
time develops into a gigantic tree. Similarly, the immense
potentialities of human beings lie latent and hypnotized in the
kulakun'd'aliniiatinu'la'dha'ra cakra asdormant humanity.
When the kan'd'alinii is raised upwards through man-
tra'gha'ta and mantra caetanya in the process of meditation
(this process is called purashcaran 'a in Tantra and amrta-
mudra' or a'nandamudra' in yoga), the doors of human
potentiality start opening one after another. Human beings
grow in beauty and vitality, their flowers divine, their foliage
lush. Such individuals develop into great people in the eyes
of the public and finally become one with the Supreme Entity.
This process is called para'bhyudaya in the scriptures.
The first stage of linguistic expression, that is, language in
its potential form or seed form, lies dormant in the
mil 'la 'dha 'ra cakra, and it leads through successively clearer
stages of manifestation to full-fledged linguistic expression.
This primordial phase of linguistic expression is called
para 'shakti, the primordial phase of vocalization.
Incidentally, I would like to say a few words about the
fundamentalpara 'shakti. The shakti [energy] with which unit
beings discharge their physico-psycho-spiritual actions is
called apara'shakti. Apara''shakti is by no means insignifi-
cant - it helps microcosms to maintain their existence and
achieve greater evolution and elevation. But the energy with
which microcosms direct their physico-psycho-spiritual ef-
forts towards the divine and reach the highest rung of the
evolutionary ladder by piercing every tender layer of micro-
cosmic existence, is called para'shakti (this para'shakti,
which is the primordial phase of vocalization, is not the same
as the para'shakti or Supreme Operative Principle in the
unbalanced triangle of forces). Here we are concerned with
the ways of expression of language. All the potentialities of
vocal expression lie dormant in the form otpara 'shakti at the
mu'la'dha'ra cakra. Para'shakti is raised step by step and
finally leads to the vocal expression of language.
If vocalization remains dormant in seed form at the
mu'la'dha'ra, it is neither audible nor perceivable in the
practical world. The latent para'shakti has got to be awak-
ened. Human beings visualize whatever they want to commu-
nicate, sometimes only for a fraction of a second, consciously
or unconsciously. If they are already aware of the name and
form of the visualized object, they can progress further in the
process of expression, otherwise that name or form will
continue to remain in the abstract world. This stage, in which
one can mentally visualize what one is going to communicate,
is the second stage in the process of vocalization. Its control-
ling point is the sva'dhis't'ha'na cakra. The energy which
causes the visualization is called pashyantL Pashyanti is
derived from the root verb drsh plus shatr, and means "that
which is seeing".
This seeing is of two things: that which is original in the
abstract world (its image is mostly indistinct) and that which
is of a recurring nature in the abstract world, in other words,
that which is reproduced from memory. Anubhu'ta-
vis'aya'sampromas'ah smrtL "After perceiving an object in
the external world with the help of the eyes or any other
external indriya, one often thinks about it." The energy which
helps one to visualize that thought is pashyanti shakti. This
is the second stage of vocalization. Of course just to visualize
the perceived object (with the help ofpashyanti shakti) is not
enough; other people cannot see your mental images or
mental words, because those things belong to the psychic
world. Linguistic expression pertains to the mundane world.
Words are transmitted in the outer world through the medium
of air or electro-magnetic waves, or some such medium.
Mental images can be projected in the external world with the
help of vital energy, but this sort of psychic projection is
beyond the capacity of pashyanti shakti.
Ideas in the psychic world gain momentum with the addi-
tion of vital energy. This process of coordination must be
consolidated-step by step before ideas can be expressed
through words in the external world. The human body's
energy, or indrashakti, or luminous factor, is located in the
man'ipura cakra* The man'ipura cakra maintains the
body's physical balance. Whenpashyanti shakti comes to the
man'ipura cakra and there receives the assistance of vital
energy, it becomes madhyama' shakti. The controlling point
otmadhyama' shakti is the man'ipura cakra or navel area.
To externalize an idea one has to apply physical energy
(philosophically, this energy is called indra). We can call this
stage the first expression of the sound tanma'tra. Although
this sound tanma 'tra is not audible to the external ear because
it has not yet been vocalized, it does have internal sound.
The transformation otmadhyama' shakti into the form of
speech takes place at a point between the man'ipura and
vishuddha cakras. This is a state ofcalama 'nata ' [mobility].*
The force which functions between the man'ipura and
vishuddha cakras, trying to give vocal expression to mental
ideas, is called dyotama 'na '.
Dyotama'na' shakti is expressed as a relentless effort to
transform idea into language. If, however, in this process of
transformation, the mind is affected by fear or by any other
instinct, there will be only a partial or incoherent vocal
expression.
In the dyotama 'na ' stage, if the idea is not metamorphosed
into a corresponding picture, or if there is any defect in the
area between the man 'ipura and vishuddha cakras, or if there
is no proper command over language, then vocal expression
is bound to be affected. In such cases people are unable to
give linguistic expression to things that they know. They say,
"The idea's in my mind but I just can't find the words to
express it."
The dyotama'na' stage exists in collective life, also. Ever
since the dawn of human civilization, human beings have
been searching for ways to fulfil their various desires: the
desire to fly, the desire to move fast over land, the desire to
reach the distant planets, the desire to cross the oceans.
Sometimes they have succeeded, sometimes they have failed.
But even after failure, they have not given up the struggle, but
have persisted with renewed vigour. We are still waiting for
that glorious day to arrive when we will be able to give a full
and rich expression to the vast world of human thought.
Today, however, we can only express asmall fraction of the
vast world of ideas.
The vocal cord lies in the area of the vishuddha cakra. It is
the organ responsible fortransforming abstract idea into vocal
expression. The energy which helps in this task is vaekharii
shaktL Vaekharii shakti is the energy which causes ideas to
take the form of language. It is the fifth stage in the process
of vocal expression. When someone talks too much, this is
the uncontrolled expression of vaekharii shakti. Some
pandits, in order to prove their intellectual might through
intellectual extravaganza, indulge in such unnecessary vo-
calization. It has been said,
Va'kvaekharii shabdayharii
Sha 'stravya 'khya 'na kaoshalam ';
Vaedus'yam' vidus'a'm' tadvat
Bhuktaye na tu muktaye.
[Garrulousness, grandiloquence and conflicting interpreta-
tions of the scriptures are nothing but intellectual extrava-
ganza. They do not lead to salvation, but merely satisfy the
intellect.]
Neither individual life nor collective life is benefited from
such useless talk. Pandits may receive temporary applause but
they ultimately gain nothing but a big zero.
Even after an idea gets metamorphosed into language, if
there is the slightest defect in the uvula, vocal expression will
be disturbed. (The Sanskrit equivalents of "uvula" are lam-
bika', galashun'd'ika', anda'ljihva'.) Even if one articulates
properly, one will not be able to speak correctly if there is any
defect in the uvula.
The energy through which the exact language is conveyed
to the human ears is called shrutigocara '. This is the last stage
in the process of vocalization. The sound ae is the acoustic
root of the six stages of vocalization: para', pashyanti, mad-
hyama', dyotama'na', vaekharii, and shrutigocara'.
Ae is also called va'gbhava bUja, and is the acoustic root
of the guru. People acquire knowledge through gurus, hence
the guru is also invoked through this acoustic root: Aem'
gurave namah. Those who believe in idol worship use this
particular acoustic root in invoking the goddess of knowl-
edge: Ae/n' sarasvatyae namah. And it is also used to invoke
Shiva, the propounder ofTantra:Aem' Shiva'ya namah.
MATERIAL FOR BA PART 3 PAPER 5